Explain the causes and effects of disparities in development arising from ethnicity in the United St
Disparities between ethnicity has been exists for a long time ever since the society becomes more globalized, more immigrants, more likely different ethnicity meet each other. United States is one of an example, a country where has different people from different ethnicity background. In the past decades, people are trying to solve the problem of racism, but have not yet being achieved. History of racism started ever since Africans were brought to Latin America and United States as white people's slaves. Ever since then, African American has been discriminated and excluded from the mainstream services. Recent increasing number of immigrants from Latin America has been discriminated as well, but African immigrants (current African American) are no longer slavery, everyone should be equal in the United States now. Why does disparities in development influenced by ethnicity? In this article, the main focus will be causes and effects of disparities in development arising from ethnicity particularly in United States, from different aspects including historical events, compare lives of whites and African Americans and patterns of issue in modern days.
In 1935, Social Security were created, it provided a safety net for workers, guarantee them an income after their retirement. However this act excluded agricultural workers and domestic servants, who were mostly African American, Latino and Asian, from the protection and benefits granted to most Americans. In the same year, Wagner Act happened, it's original version was to prohibit the racial discrimination, but the American Federation of Labour fought against it ends up it's final version is to exclude non-whites. As results, non-whites were not only locked out of higher-paying jobs, also denied union protection and benefits, including medical care, full employment, and job security. Although the laws changed in the late 1950s. From 1930s to 1940s, government programs which subsidized low cost loans, opened up home ownership to average Americans for the first time. At the same time, government introduced a national appraisal system, tying property value and loan eligibility to ethnicity. Consequently, white communities received the "highest ratings" and benefited from low-cost, government loans, while minority received the lowest ratings and were denied these loans. Resulting less than 2 percent went to non-white families, non-whites were locked out of home ownership. During 1950s and 1960s, housing boom were happening more and more white homeowners moved to the suburbs. Freeways in major cities connected white suburbs to central business districts were built, but they were often built through core areas of African American settlement. Many of those area located in urban lost their neighbourhood shopping districts and small businesses.
How would a black family and a white family lives differ? Byron Green from black family and Max Holland from white family. Greens bought a duplex in Chester, PA, while Hollands bought a home in Merrick, a new suburban development on Long Island. Job opportunities for black people were still limited, Mr. Green found a job as a lab attendant at nearby refinery. Mr. Holland on the other hand financed him self to college education, after graduating he got a job as a management trainee for a big NY textile firm, where staff were entirely white. Later, at the Greens, manufacturing crashed, people start leaving Chester, the area become increasingly segregated. Increase in taxes within the area, while income stays the same. On the other hand Mr. Holland started his own business, and it was a successes, while property values getting better, he even sent all of his three children to private colleges. Byron received an academic scholarship to an Ivy League school, due to his family' uncertain financial situations. While Max by the age of 18, he could use his savings and money from parents to travel, explore his interest and go to college without worry anything. By the time both family sold their home, Green's home were grown significantly in price and Chester still have more blacks, takes about 76% of population, versus Hollands sold their home for 14 times then what they paid when they bought, and Merrick was still 95% of population are whites.
Patterns of disparities in development from ethnicity in United States comes from white's minds of discrimination towards different ethnicity (Latino & African American). The picture below shows the causes and effect of disparities in development. Due to white's thinking of superior than people from other ethnicity, caused the pattern. When more and more non-white moved to community full of white. Turns out current white residents start moving out, even though those non-whites moved in has the same ability socioeconomically. Only non-white middle class sustaining the community wouldn't be enough, leads to decrease in price of housing. Causing more people from low socioeconomic status to move into the community, lowering the quality of community. Turns out the community continuously lowering the quality, due to not enough taxes being earned to improve public services. As long as the pattern continues, the disparities in development from ethnicity would never be improved.
Disparities in development from ethnicity in the United States, were caused due to the historical context of whites are superior than the other race. This builds up mind and thoughts for most of white Americans today. It effect the current society, the disparities between ethnicity. Blocking the way to achieve the "stop racism".